美国商会向特朗普政府描绘的“中美商贸关系蓝图”（概要）

A Blueprint for Action: Addressing Priority Issues of Concern in U.S.-China Commercial Relations

（Wells世贸双语系列20170718）

U.S. Chamber of Commerce and American Chamber of Commerce in China

报告发布（单位）：美国全国商会中国中心；中国美国商会（AmCham）

Introduction简介

The U.S.-China relationship is enormously consequential for the United States, China, and the world. Trade and investment with China supports millions of jobs in the United States and China’s growing consumer market is critical to American exporters and investors. The Chinese market is worth half a trillion dollars a year to American companies, with annual U.S. exports to China topping $160 billion in recent years and sales by Chinese affiliates of U.S. multinational companies surpassing $350 billion.

中美关系对美国、中国乃至全世界而言都是非常重要的。中美之间的贸易和投资支持了美国数百万工作岗位，并且中国不断增长的消费市场对美国出口者和投资者至关重要。对美国企业而言，中国市场年价值5000亿美元，近年来美国对华出口额达1600亿美元，美国跨国公司的中国附属公司销售额超过3500亿美元。

But challenges in the economic and commercial relationship are eroding its foundation. Over the past several years, the business environment in China has deteriorated for many U.S. and other foreign companies. This trend impacts companies not only operating in the country—many of which use profits from their China operations to support high-end jobs in the United States—but also exporting into China and competing with Chinese companies in third-country markets. Further, for some U.S. companies, Chinese overcapacity in certain sectors has significantly depressed global prices and served to undermine market-based competition.

但是经济和商贸关系的挑战正在削弱双方关系的基础。在过去几年中，美国和其他国家的许多公司在中国的商业环境恶化。这种趋势不仅影响了美国境内的公司，其中许多公司利用中国业务的利润来支持美国的高端工作，而且影响了美国公司与中国公司在第三国市场的竞争。此外，对于一些美国公司来说，中国某些行业的产能过剩严重影响了全球价格，并削弱了市场竞争。

Going forward, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce (the Chamber), the American Chamber of Commerce in China (AmCham China), and our members believe it is critical for both governments to address fundamental asymmetries in access and the ability to compete in our respective economies by opening markets and removing discriminatory regulations, and curbing subsidies. Resolving these issues is essential to establishing a stronger foundation for relations and to ensuring we realize the full potential of our economic ties.

展望未来，美国全国商会（商会）、中国美国商会（中美商会）和我们的会员都认为，两国政府通过开放市场、消除歧视性政策和遏制补贴以解决两国经济准入和公平竞争问题至关重要。这些问题的解决有利于中美建立更加牢固的经贸关系基础，并确保我们实现经贸合作利益最大化。

It is for these reasons that the Chamber and AmCham China strongly support the new Comprehensive Dialogue and Comprehensive Economic Dialogue (CED) as well as the 100-Day Action Plan, as mechanisms to achieve concrete outcomes that increase opportunities and create a level playing field for U.S. businesses, workers, farmers, and ranchers. The early-harvest outcomes of the 100-Day Action Plan in agriculture, financial services, and electronic payments were a good start; they demonstrated the ability of the 100-Day Action Plan process to produce tangible results.

正是出于这些原因，商会和中美商会坚决支持新的全面对话和全面经济对话(CED)以及“100天行动计划”，这些行动计划和机制，将有利于为美国企业、工人、农民和牧场主创造一个公平的竞争环境，达到良好的经贸效果。“100天行动计划”在农业、金融服务业和电子支付领域已经取得了初步成果，是一个良好的开端；这意味着“100天行动计划”将产生良好的效果。

Looking beyond the 100-Day Action Plan, our organizations urge that additional, near-term outcomes be more far-reaching in scope and benefit, including in areas like market access for services firms, information security and data flows, and industrial policies. It is essential that our future trade and investment strategy with China emphasize the need for competitive markets in China, not merely defending our markets from subsidized steel and other commodities. Loss of competitiveness by U.S. companies in China, and globally, will weaken them and ultimately result in job losses in the United States. The substantial, growing, and harmful distortions of China's industrial policies on the U.S. and global economies will be far more damaging if China effectively eliminates foreign competition in its home market in critical areas ranging from electric vehicles to aviation to semiconductors.

除了“100天行动计划”，我们希望更多的短期成果在范围和收益方面可以做更长远的打算，包括服务型企业的市场准入、信息安全和数据流动以及产业政策等领域。我们今后与中国的贸易和投资战略必须强调中国市场需要竞争，而不仅仅是中国政府通过补贴钢铁等商品以抵挡美国产品的冲击。美国企业在中国和全球的竞争力下降将削弱它们的实力，并最终导致美国就业无法维持。如果中国在电动汽车、航空和半导体等关键领域有效地消除国内市场中的外国竞争，中国产业政策对美国乃至全球经济将产生的严重和根本性的扭曲和损害。

Further, our organizations urge the U.S. government to prioritize cross-border data flows and other discriminatory Chinese policies that affect all U.S. companies engaged in international business, but especially U.S. information and communications technology companies. China’s emerging legal and regulatory frameworks governing information technology and data pose serious challenges for global businesses not only in the ICT sector, but to the numerous industries that depend on ICT and data.

此外，我们还敦促美国政府优先考虑中国的跨境数据流动和其他歧视性的政策，这些政策影响所有从事国际业务的美国公司，特别是美国的信息和通信技术公司。对全球企业而言，中国新的关于信息技术和数据的法律和监管框架不仅使得信息与通信技术行业，而且使得依赖信息与通信技术和数据的众多行业都面临严峻的挑战。

Cloud computing and other digital technologies that require a seamless flow of data are already changing the nature of manufacturing—in particular for small and medium-sized manufacturers. A new report from the American Enterprise Institute and the Information Technology and Industry Foundation underscores the centrality of cloud computing and cross-border data flows to the future of U.S. manufacturing. ¹ Yet, Chinese efforts to exert greater control over where commercial data is stored and how it is transferred are skewing the decision-making process for our members that must decide where products are made and innovation takes place.

需要数据无缝流动的云计算和其他数字技术已经在改变制造业的本质，特别是对于中小制造商而言。一份来自美国企业研究所和信息技术与工业基金会的新报告强调云计算和跨境数据流动在美国未来制造业中的核心地位。然而，中国为更好地控制商业数据存储和转让的行为严重影响了我们成员企业的决策过程，因为他们需要对产品制造地和创新地进行决策。

As the U.S. government contemplates its future course for addressing concerns in the economic and commercial relationship, we urge that any action plan be far-reaching in its likely impact and robust in targeted outcomes. Our organizations are pleased to provide the attached submission for consideration, which reflects the views of a broad cross-section of members. We have endeavored not only to provide specific outcomes for important industries, but also milestones and metrics to assess progress over the course of future negotiations.

在美国政府高度关注未来解决经济和商贸关系方面的同时，我们希望任何行动计划在可能产生的影响及结果方面可以考虑得更长远一些。我们很高兴提供附件的意见书，其反映了众多行业成员的意见。我们不仅为重要行业提供具体成果，还为未来谈判评估提供重要依据和参考。

We also underscore the importance of the two governments establishing appropriate mechanisms to discuss issues and assess progress in implementing agreed outcomes. At the June 20-21 meeting of the U.S.-China CEO Dialogue in Beijing, ² U.S. and Chinese CEOs, joined by former government leaders on both sides, agreed that while maintaining a focus on concrete outcomes within the framework of the newly established CED is important, both sides should continue to pursue exchanges and results via new and the most effective and the pre-existing bilateral mechanisms, with the goals of timely and effective implementation of prior commitments and of those to be reached subsequently.

我们认为，中美两国政府建立适当机制来讨论问题并对已经达成的效果进行评估非常重要。在6月20日至21日北京举行的中美首席执行官对话（CED）上，由中美两国前政府领导人组成的两国首席执行官同意，在新成立的CED框架内重点关注具体成果非常重要。与此同时，双方应继续通过新的、最有效的和先前存在的双边机制进行交流并取得成果，目标是及时有效地执行事先承诺和随后所达成的协议。

Our organizations appreciate and value highly the efforts of the Trump Administration to promote the opportunities and address the significant and growing challenges in the bilateral economic and commercial relationship. We stand ready to support the administration in its efforts to upgrade commercial ties so as to ensure that the economic and commercial relationship remains the ballast of U.S.-China relations.

我们赞赏并高度重视特朗普政府为双边经济和商贸关系寻找新的发展机会，并努力解决面临的重大和日益严峻的挑战。我们随时支持政府改善双方商贸关系的努力，以确保经贸关系是美中关系的“压舱物”。

【Wells编注】：到底这份描绘中美商贸关系“蓝图”的文件的全貌是怎样的？另外还涉及中美商贸关系的哪些重要领域？特朗普政府将如何依据此“蓝图”来解决中美商贸关系问题？请访问WELLS网站此文件的链接http://www.wells.org.cn/Doc/details/684查看该文件详细英文原文全文（PDF文件，全文32页）。如果您需要该文件的全文中文翻译版，请联系Wells公司，我们可以为您提供高质量的文献翻译服务。

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